Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding

Unexpected bleeding is always a concern for a woman at any stage of life. Bleeding other than a normal menstrual period can be great cause for alarm. Intermenstrual bleeding refers to vaginal bleeding (other than postcoital) at any time during the menstrual cycle other than during normal menstruation. Postcoital bleeding is non-menstrual bleeding that occurs immediately after sexual intercourse.

Causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding

There are many possible causes for abnormal vaginal bleeding. By itself, it does not necessarily indicate a serious condition.

• possibility of pregnancy
• Ovulation might lead to mid-cycle bleeding
• Polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormone imbalance that interferes with normal ovulation which can cause abnormal bleeding.
• Birth control pills sometimes cause abnormal vaginal bleeding.  Minor bleeding between periods during the first few months might occur if you have recently started using birth control pills. Bleeding might occur if not taking your pills regularly
• An intrauterine device (IUD)
• Infection of the pelvic organs  (vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries) may cause vaginal bleeding 

Tests to be done

 Doctor should carefully examine medical history. A complete physical examination will be performed  including a thorough pelvic exam

• The exam includes careful inspection of the external genitalia, urethra, and anal area.
• The vaginal walls and cervix are inspected for the presence of any abnormalities or retained foreign objects. Fluid samples may be taken to test for the sexually transmitted diseases
•  Pap smear will be taken to examine for cancer

• An ultrasound of the abdomen and pelvis may be performed
• An endometrial biopsy may be performed to take a sample of tissue from the lining of the uterus

Source of reference:http://women.webmd.com ; www.about.com; www.wikipedia.com